Apply appropriate patches or mitigations provided by Oracle to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing. (M1051: software update)
o Backup 7.1: Establish and maintain a vulnerability management process: Establish and maintain a documented vulnerability management process for company assets. Review and update documentation annually or when significant changes within the business occur that could impact this protection.
o Safeguard 7.2: Establish and maintain a remediation process: Establish and maintain a risk-based remediation strategy, documented in a remediation process, with monthly or more frequent reviews.
o Backup 7.4: Perform automated application patch management: Perform application updates to enterprise assets via automated patch management on a monthly or more frequent basis.
o Backup 7.5: Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal company assets: Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal company assets on a quarterly or more frequent basis. Perform authenticated and unauthenticated scans using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.
o Backup 7.7: Fix detected vulnerabilities: Fix detected vulnerabilities in software through processes and tools on a monthly or more frequent basis, depending on the remediation process.
o Backup 12.1: Ensure that the network infrastructure is up to date: Ensure that the network infrastructure is kept up to date. Example implementations include running the latest stable version of the software and/or using currently supported Network as a Service (NaaS) offerings. Review software versions monthly, or more frequently, to verify software support.
o Safeguard 18.1: Establish and maintain a penetration testing program: Establish and maintain a penetration testing program appropriate to the size, complexity and maturity of the business. Penetration testing program characteristics include scope, such as network, web application, application programming interface (API), hosted services, and physical premises controls; frequency; limitations, such as acceptable hours and excluded types of attacks; contact details; corrective actions, such as how results will be communicated internally; and retrospective requirements.
o Backup 18.2: Perform periodic external penetration testing: Perform periodic external penetration testing based on program requirements, at least annually. External penetration testing should include reconnaissance of the business and environment to detect actionable information. Penetration testing requires specialist skills and experience and should be carried out by a qualified party. The test can be carried out in a transparent box or an opaque box.
o Backup 18.3: Remediate Penetration Test Results: Remediate penetration test results based on company policy for scope and prioritization of remedial actions.
Vulnerability scanning is used to find potentially exploitable software vulnerabilities for remediation. (M1016: Vulnerability Analysis)
o Backup 16.13: Perform application penetration testing: Perform application penetration testing. For mission-critical applications, authenticated penetration testing is better suited to detecting business logic vulnerabilities than code analysis and automated security testing. Penetration testing relies on the tester's ability to manually manipulate an application as an authenticated and unauthenticated user.
Apply the principle of least privilege to all systems and services and run all software as an unprivileged user (without administrator rights) to lessen the effects of a successful attack. (M1026: Management of privileged accounts)
o Backup 4.7: Manage Default Accounts on Enterprise Assets and Software: Manage default accounts on enterprise assets and software, such as root, administrator, and other pre-configured vendor accounts. Example implementations may include: disabling default accounts or rendering them unusable.
o Backup 5.4: Restrict admin privileges to dedicated admin accounts: Restrict admin privileges to dedicated admin accounts on company assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as browsing the Internet, emailing, and using the Productivity Suite, from the user's primary, non-privileged account.
o Backup 5.5: Establish and maintain an inventory of service accounts: Establish and maintain an inventory of service accounts. The inventory must at a minimum contain the service owner, review date and purpose. Perform service account reviews to verify that all active accounts are authorized, on a recurring schedule at least quarterly or more frequently.
Remind all users not to visit untrustworthy websites or follow open links/files provided by unknown or untrustworthy sources. (M1017: User training)
o Safeguarding 14.1: Establish and maintain a security awareness program: Establish and maintain a security awareness program. The goal of a security awareness program is to educate company personnel on how to interact with company assets and data securely. Organize training upon hiring and, at a minimum, once a year. Review and update the content annually or when significant changes within the business occur that could impact this protection.
o Safeguard 14.2: Train staff members to recognize social engineering attacks: Train staff members to recognize social engineering attacks, such as phishing, pretexting, and tailgating.
Use features to prevent suspicious behavior patterns from appearing on endpoint systems. This could include a suspicious process, file, API call, etc. (M1040: Endpoint Behavior Prevention)
o Backup 13.2: Deploy a Host-Based Intrusion Detection Solution: Deploy a host-based intrusion detection solution on enterprise assets, where applicable and/or supported.
o Backup 13.7: Deploy a Host-Based Intrusion Prevention Solution: Deploy a host-based intrusion prevention solution to enterprise assets, where applicable and/or supported. Example implementations include using an Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) client or a host-based IPS agent.
Use features to detect and block conditions that could lead to or indicate the occurrence of a software exploit. (M1050: Exploit Protection)
Safeguard 10.5: Enable anti-exploit features: Enable anti-exploit features on enterprise assets and software, where possible, such as Microsoft Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Windows Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG), or Apple System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Doorman.
